組み込みとクラウドな話題: pi4BをUSB3.0でbootする(その2)

# pi4BをUSB3.0でbootする(その2)

pi4bのUSBSB3.0ポートに繋いでSSD起動を試みましたが、3.0ポートでは起動せず、2.0ポートなら起動するところまでは確認しました。
3.0ポートから起動する方法があるようなので、それを試してみました。

## 事前準備

この[リンク](#1)に、参考になることが書いてあります。
とりあえず、```/boot/cmdline.txt```を修正します。```usb.storage.quirks```を追記することによってuas機能を抑制できるようです。

## 準備前

```sh
pi@pi4b:/boot $ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 152d:0578 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. JMS567 SATA 6Gb/s bridge
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:3431 VIA Labs, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
pi@pi4b:/boot $ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 5000M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/1p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
        |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 480M
pi@pi4b:/boot $ 
```
```sh
dmesgを抜粋
[    1.493377] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[    1.644011] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=2109, idProduct=3431, bcdDevice= 4.21
[    1.644025] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[    1.644037] usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0 Hub
[    1.645508] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.645828] hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
[    1.941370] usb 1-1.3: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[    2.122687] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0578, bcdDevice= 1.00
[    2.122701] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[    2.122712] usb 1-1.3: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
[    2.122724] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: JMicron
[    2.122735] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF
[    2.128352] scsi host0: uas
[    2.129747] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JMicron  Generic          8101 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[    2.131829] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    2.131842] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    2.132073] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    2.132087] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 5f 00 00 08
[    2.132528] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Disabling FUA
[    2.132543] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    2.132914] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Optimal transfer size 33553920 bytes not a multiple of physical block size (4096 bytes)
[    2.136047]  sda: sda1 sda2
[    2.139101] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
```

```/boot/cmdline.txt```に```usb-storage.quirks=152d:0578:u ```を追記する。

## SDからbootしてUSB2.0と3.0それぞれにSSDを接続した時のdmesg

```sh
[ 1472.252634] usb 1-1.3: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 1472.433995] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0578, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 1472.434012] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1472.434025] usb 1-1.3: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
[ 1472.434036] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: JMicron
[ 1472.434047] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF
[ 1472.443592] scsi host0: uas
[ 1472.448539] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JMicron  Generic          8101 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1472.549118] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 1475.090929] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[ 1475.090940] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 1475.091170] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 1475.091180] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 5f 00 00 08
[ 1475.091589] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Disabling FUA
[ 1475.091598] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 1475.091993] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Optimal transfer size 33553920 bytes not a multiple of physical block size (4096 bytes)
[ 1475.107785]  sda: sda1 sda2
[ 1475.111182] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1488.816896] usb 1-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 3
[ 1488.823026] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 1489.060804] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=0x00
[ 1491.225093] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1491.246481] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0578, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 1491.246496] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1491.246509] usb 2-1: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
[ 1491.246521] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: JMicron
[ 1491.246532] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF
[ 1491.259840] scsi host0: uas
[ 1491.267438] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JMicron  Generic          8101 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 1491.269156] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 1494.422778] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[ 1494.422787] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 1494.422980] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 1494.422986] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 53 00 00 08
[ 1494.423357] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Disabling FUA
[ 1494.423365] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 1494.423930] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Optimal transfer size 33553920 bytes not a multiple of physical block size (4096 bytes)
[ 1494.438871]  sda: sda1 sda2
[ 1494.441054] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1524.725084] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 uas_eh_abort_handler 0 uas-tag 5 inflight: CMD IN 
[ 1524.725103] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 0e e7 bf 28 00 00 a8 00
[ 1524.725391] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 uas_eh_abort_handler 0 uas-tag 6 inflight: CMD IN 
[ 1524.725403] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 0e e7 bf d8 00 00 28 00
[ 1524.741102] scsi host0: uas_eh_device_reset_handler start
[ 1524.870076] usb 2-1: reset SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1524.895129] scsi host0: uas_eh_device_reset_handler success
[ 1555.445366] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#15 uas_eh_abort_handler 0 uas-tag 3 inflight: CMD IN 
[ 1555.445387] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#15 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 08 1f 88 00 00 68 00
[ 1555.445751] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#12 uas_eh_abort_handler 0 uas-tag 1 inflight: CMD 
[ 1555.445763] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#12 CDB: opcode=0x35 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
[ 1555.461380] scsi host0: uas_eh_device_reset_handler start
[ 1555.590164] usb 2-1: reset SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1555.614220] scsi host0: uas_eh_device_reset_handler success
```

```sh
pi@pi4b:~ $ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 152d:0578 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. JMS567 SATA 6Gb/s bridge
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:3431 VIA Labs, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
pi@pi4b:~ $ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 5000M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 5000M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/1p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
pi@pi4b:~ $ 
```
## /boot/cmdline.txtを修正後

```sh
[    1.518409] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[    1.539844] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0578, bcdDevice= 1.00
[    1.539857] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[    1.539870] usb 2-1: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
[    1.539881] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: JMicron
[    1.539893] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF
[    1.542983] usb 2-1: UAS is blacklisted for this device, using usb-storage instead
[    1.543081] usb 2-1: UAS is blacklisted for this device, using usb-storage instead
[    1.543096] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[    1.543569] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: Quirks match for vid 152d pid 0578: 1800000
[    1.543725] scsi host0: usb-storage 2-1:1.0
[    1.666047] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[    1.816662] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=2109, idProduct=3431, bcdDevice= 4.21
[    1.816676] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[    1.816687] usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0 Hub
[    1.818271] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.818521] hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
[    2.558845] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     JMicron  Generic          8101 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[    2.560084] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    2.560878] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    2.560894] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 47 00 00 08
[    2.561547] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Disabling FUA
[    2.561563] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    2.564468]  sda: sda1 sda2
[    2.567481] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
```

uas機能を外すとちゃんと認識してるような感じですが、uas機能が使えないということで性能的に抑制されているのでしょう。デバイスの相性なのか、debianデバイスドライバーの問題なのか、はたまた他の問題なのか。引き続き情報収集です。

## byte-UNIXbenchmarkにて性能測定

USB3.0に接続してuas機能を殺したSSDからbootして、byte-UNIXbenchmarkで計測してみました。[付録:測定結果](#付録byte-unixbenchmark結果) を参考に。過去の測定結果をIndex scoreだけまとめると以下のとおりです。

|接続状態| 1 parallel | 4 parallel |
|--------|-------|------|
|SD card | 426.6 | 1096.5 |
|USB2.0+SSD | 427.0| 1089.3 |
|USB3.0+SSD(usb.strage.quirks) | 433.6 | 1090.8 |

USB2.0とUSB3.0,SD cardどれも性能差はありませんでした。USB3.0とuas機能が動けば性能差が出るのかもしれません。

## 今日のまとめ

JMicron製SSD変換器はuas機能を外すとUSB3.0接続にてbootすることを確認できました。しかし、性能はSD cardやUSB2.0と違いはありませんでした。引き続き情報取集したいと思います。

## 関連リンク
  
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=245931&fbclid=IwAR0Ea9RrIKiyWlIZ26XW3DvIwaIL6fABSW9mMDL6iMTLTVMmz-nrtmklpPY

### 付録:byte-UnixBenchmark結果

USB3.0(usb.storage.quirks)+SSD
```sh
========================================================================
   BYTE UNIX Benchmarks (Version 5.1.3)

System: pi4b: GNU/Linux
   OS: GNU/Linux -- 5.4.51-v8+ -- #1333 SMP PREEMPT Mon Aug 10 16:58:35 BST 2020
   Machine: aarch64 (unknown)
   Language: en_US.utf8 (charmap="UTF-8", collate="UTF-8")
   19:53:55 up 3 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.39, 0.35, 0.16; runlevel 2020-09-23

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: 水  9月 23 2020 19:53:55 - 20:21:40
4 CPUs in system; running 1 parallel copy of tests

Dhrystone 2 using register variables       15348027.7 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone                     2554.9 MWIPS (9.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput                               1886.2 lps   (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks        174095.8 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks           51544.5 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks        466519.2 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput                              272178.4 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching                  49006.8 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation                               2955.3 lps   (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)                   3692.5 lpm   (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                   1049.1 lpm   (60.0 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead                         234674.2 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)

System Benchmarks Index Values               BASELINE       RESULT    INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables         116700.0   15348027.7   1315.2
Double-Precision Whetstone                       55.0       2554.9    464.5
Execl Throughput                                 43.0       1886.2    438.7
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks          3960.0     174095.8    439.6
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks            1655.0      51544.5    311.4
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks          5800.0     466519.2    804.3
Pipe Throughput                               12440.0     272178.4    218.8
Pipe-based Context Switching                   4000.0      49006.8    122.5
Process Creation                                126.0       2955.3    234.5
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)                     42.4       3692.5    870.9
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                      6.0       1049.1   1748.5
System Call Overhead                          15000.0     234674.2    156.4
                                                                   ========
System Benchmarks Index Score                                         433.6

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Run: 水  9月 23 2020 20:21:40 - 20:49:26
4 CPUs in system; running 4 parallel copies of tests

Dhrystone 2 using register variables       60908236.1 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Double-Precision Whetstone                    10189.7 MWIPS (9.1 s, 7 samples)
Execl Throughput                               5274.3 lps   (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks        288771.7 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks           84021.5 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks        691814.9 KBps  (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Pipe Throughput                             1074490.9 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Pipe-based Context Switching                 194468.4 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)
Process Creation                               7324.2 lps   (30.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)                   8300.3 lpm   (60.0 s, 2 samples)
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                   1120.0 lpm   (60.1 s, 2 samples)
System Call Overhead                         911436.9 lps   (10.0 s, 7 samples)

System Benchmarks Index Values               BASELINE       RESULT    INDEX
Dhrystone 2 using register variables         116700.0   60908236.1   5219.2
Double-Precision Whetstone                       55.0      10189.7   1852.7
Execl Throughput                                 43.0       5274.3   1226.6
File Copy 1024 bufsize 2000 maxblocks          3960.0     288771.7    729.2
File Copy 256 bufsize 500 maxblocks            1655.0      84021.5    507.7
File Copy 4096 bufsize 8000 maxblocks          5800.0     691814.9   1192.8
Pipe Throughput                               12440.0    1074490.9    863.7
Pipe-based Context Switching                   4000.0     194468.4    486.2
Process Creation                                126.0       7324.2    581.3
Shell Scripts (1 concurrent)                     42.4       8300.3   1957.6
Shell Scripts (8 concurrent)                      6.0       1120.0   1866.7
System Call Overhead                          15000.0     911436.9    607.6
                                                                   ========
System Benchmarks Index Score                                        1090.8

```

5 件のコメント:

mars999mini2020年9月26日 15:43
性能の定義にもよりますが、単純にUSB2/3の差を計る目的としてUnixBenchを使うのは不適切かもしれません。fileの項目には、bufferサイズが影響するようです。読み書きのサイズが小さいと、RAM内の転送速度だけを計っていて、外部の実ファイルをアクセスしていないかも。
単純にSDカードの読み書きなら；
GUIなら左上のメニューの中にRaspberry Diagnosticがあり、ここでSDカードなどの速度を測定できます。
CUI Toolなら readだけですが定番は　hdparm -t /dev/xxxxxxx
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mars999mini2020年9月26日 16:16
hdparmの結果：
USB3:Timing buffered disk reads: 610 MB in 3.00 seconds = 203.26 MB/sec
USB2:Timing buffered disk reads: 98 MB in 3.02 seconds = 32.47 MB/sec

返信削除
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mars999mini2020年9月26日 23:28
hdparmでは６倍程度の差がありますが、実質的にはそんな差がないことも事実ですね。参考までに、電源ONからログイン画面が表示されるまでの時間と、約2500行のCプログラムのコンパイル時間を計ってみました。（32bit OS)
　　　　 USB3 USB2
起動時間：約30秒　約38秒
compile ：約3.3秒　約3.6秒
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組み込みとクラウドな話題

pi4BをUSB3.0でbootする(その2)

5 件のコメント:

ラズパイ日記...esp32(arduino)+mpu6050

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